Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as devices that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They are an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a diverse scenery of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that blend heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic illumination emitted by the star, essential for existence on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a kind of energy resulting from the movement of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous devices and systems, enabling today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the unidirectional movement of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power supplies, and solar cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric power to operate various digital equipment. It comprises several electrochemical units, each containing electrode pairs divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that converts DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring reliable, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction cyclically, typically used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to determine the dimension, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that harness sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a sustainable and sustainable energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess power generated from renewable energy or the grid for future use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems typically utilize batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and advancements in solar energy technology from the beginning invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced solar panels. It showcases major innovations, including the creation of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have significantly enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist famous for his innovative work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the foundation for grasping how illumination interacts with certain media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US inventor who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work established the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work paved the way for modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its key role in the production of electronic devices and solar cells. It is a solid, breakable crystalline material with a blue-grey metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This technology increases system performance, facilitates improved performance monitoring, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar panels to offer a green and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon serves as a basic particle which represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight directly into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the fundamental principle behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the utilization of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the rate at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the SI system, representing the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which causes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the base unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electricity through a metal wire, typically measured in A. It is crucial for supplying electronic gadgets and facilitating the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the standard of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and capacity of power systems to guarantee safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical housing used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a convenient and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for recharging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that transforms DC from sources like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It permits the operation of common electrical appliances in locations where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the position of solar modules to track the solar trajectory throughout the day, maximizing power intake. This system increases the performance of solar power gathering by keeping ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the power generation of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology ensures the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a tool that observes and examines the performance of solar power systems in live, providing useful data on energy generation and system status. It assists optimize solar power output by identifying issues promptly and securing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to power homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless minute silicon lattice structures, typically used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline structure suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium form of silicon with a single lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its uniform structure allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a category of thin-film solar technology that presents a cost-effective and effective option for massive solar energy production. They are recognized for their high absorption efficiency and moderately affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar cells that utilize a multi-layered material of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are noted for their high absorption efficiency, bendability, and potential for portable, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous atomic structure, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use several p-n connections layered together to collect a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space missions and high-performance solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that convert solar radiation into electrical energy to supply onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, providing a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological uses. These coatings are crucial in electronic systems, light manipulation, and films for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of compound ranging from fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronics, light manipulation, and medicine, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to illustrate very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision gauges used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, typically in machining and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, circular segment of silicon crystal used as the base for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact photovoltaic devices known for their high efficiency and bendability, making them suitable for diverse applications. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight directly into electrical energy with remarkable efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sun rays directly into power using photovoltaic cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, renewable, and economical way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that utilize carbon-based molecules, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and enable lower-cost, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor substance used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an appealing substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a thin film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations details various massive solar energy facilities around the world, demonstrating their output and positions. These facilities serve a crucial role in sustainable energy production and worldwide efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive facilities that convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a renewable alternative to traditional fuels, reducing environmental harm and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as lignite, crude oil, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the main energy sources for power production and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how efficiently a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable electrical power. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This development is changing the global energy landscape by increasing the portion of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent device that bending light to converge or spread out rays, creating images. It is often used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It boosts the crispness and luminosity of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes counteract each other, causing a decrease or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This phenomenon usually happens when these waves are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies following a sine wave over time, enabling effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a tiny device used to convert direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system performance by maximizing energy production at the panel level and eases installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current regularly reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in homes and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical connector used to supply direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that provide a firm and trustworthy attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international security validation body that evaluates and endorses products to guarantee they meet certain security requirements. It helps consumers and businesses identify reliable and safe products through rigorous assessment and examination methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the constant electric current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to flow in a single sense exclusively, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, created to supply electrical power for different devices and add-ons inside of a automobile. It allows users to recharge electronic gadgets or use small electronics while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to computers, enabling data transmission and power supply. It backs a variety of peripherals such as input devices, pointer devices, external storage, and cell phones, with various revisions offering increased speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy output and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with diverse wavelengths and power. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It has a key role in processes like vitamin D production but can also lead to skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on variations of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This design approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the strength of energy or power received or emitted over a defined area, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the distribution and transfer of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of different tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial body of air with relatively consistent temp and humidity properties, deriving from from certain starting regions. These airmass impact weather systems and air conditions as they travel over diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the panels of solar panels, which diminishes their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are necessary to reduce energy decrease and maintain best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a indicator of the maximum power generation of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak capacity to generate electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to check the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant development and employed in various industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that render it beneficial in manufacturing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of employing land for both solar energy output and farming, making the most of space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of several solar panels designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to generate environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that offers shade and protection from the conditions for al fresco areas. It improves the usability and look of a patio, making it a cozy area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a target object. It is commonly used in routing, surveying, and astronomy to specify the orientation of an target in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a popular choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to a billion watts, used to measure large-scale energy generation and usage. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in solar energy solutions, focused on making thin-film solar panels that deliver high-performance and affordable power output. The firm is dedicated to sustainable renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly integrating various parts of industrial and automation systems to enhance performance and reliability. It concentrates on developing innovative solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's corporation expert in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic solar goods and services. Renowned for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often employed to indicate the potential of massively scaled electricity generation or usage. It highlights the immense power extent involved in contemporary power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost drops as total output increases, due to learning curve and improvements gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of learned skills in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy technologies are financially competitive with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a grid of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It represents a renewable, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, commercial, and factory sites to generate green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a variety of devices that harness sunlight to convert energy, promoting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These products include covering solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, offering multi-purpose alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses plus mirrors focusing sunlight on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, greatly enhancing energy capture from a compact footprint. This technology is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers a viable solution to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |