Solar panel | Solar array act as components that change sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. They are an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that captures sunlight to produce heat, generally used for hot water production or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity production. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the United Kingdom known for its rich cultural heritage, notable attractions, and bustling cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse landscape of rolling hills, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the natural light emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power resulting from the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It drives countless systems and networks, enabling contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that holds chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to operate various digital equipment. It includes multiple galvanic cells, each containing anode and cathode interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels made of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home use and grid connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring secure, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity cyclically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to ascertain the extent, amount, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, climate gauges, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This system boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge installations that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and convert it into electricity. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy costs, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells documents the advancement and innovations in photovoltaic technology from the initial invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-efficiency solar panels. It features key milestones, including the development of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have significantly enhanced energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and glow. His tests laid the foundation for grasping how radiation interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States creator who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious innovative entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its essential role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a hard, breakable crystal solid with a steel-gray shine, primarily used as a electronic component in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology improves system effectiveness, facilitates better system tracking, and boosts power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a device that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to offer a renewable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a elementary particle which represents a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a important role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, enabling the harnessing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as occupants, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the velocity at which electric power is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy, and is essential for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a unit of energy conversion in the International System of Units, representing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which drives the movement of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the energy per single charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electrical charge through a metal wire, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for energizing electronic devices and allowing the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere represents the measure of electrical flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes DC from inputs like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the use of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of several individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the position of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology improves the effectiveness of solar power gathering by keeping ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power generation of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the working point to match the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process provides the best performance energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and examines the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, providing useful data on energy generation and system health. It assists optimize solar power output by detecting issues early and securing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous tiny silicon crystals, frequently used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline type suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a continuous lattice structure, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronics. Its homogeneous structure allows for better electron transfer, resulting in higher functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a category of film solar system that offers a economical and high-performance alternative for massive solar energy harvesting. They are their high absorption efficiency and relatively reduced manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar devices that use a multi-layered compound of Cu, In, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their high light capturing performance, flexibility, and possibility for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered atomic configuration, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and adaptable properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n junctions stacked in tandem to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly used in space applications and high-performance solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that transform sunlight into electrical energy to supply onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This technology is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, offering a affordable solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These films are important in electronics, optics, and films for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of material spanning tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optics, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate gauges used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, commonly in machining and production. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a fine, round piece of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible photovoltaic devices known for their superior output and flexibility, making them suitable for multiple fields. They use a multilayer semiconductor structure that converts sunlight immediately into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into power using photovoltaic cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They offer a eco-friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electricity using a photosensitive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to convert solar radiation into electric power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, large-area solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous photovoltaic compound used in laminate solar modules due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an desirable substitute for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and windows. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations information various extensive solar energy installations around the world, showcasing their power and positions. These facilities serve a vital role in green energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive systems that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing environmental harm and promoting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the main power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electricity for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as lead, Hg, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how well a solar cell generates sunlight into usable electrical power. Boosting this efficiency is key for increasing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This development is changing the international energy scene by raising the percentage of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power installations designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bending light to focus or separate rays, forming images. It is frequently used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It enhances the sharpness and brightness of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their wave heights counteract each other, leading to a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This phenomenon usually happens when the waves are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, commonly employed in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, enabling effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a compact component used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by enhancing power output at the module level and simplifies setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric flow cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in homes and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical plug used to provide DC power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a firm and consistent connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international safety approval agency that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they adhere to certain safety standards. It assists consumers and businesses find dependable and safe products through thorough assessment and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this configuration, the same electric current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a electronic device that allows current to flow in a single sense exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, designed to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons inside of a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic devices or run small electronics while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking devices to computers, enabling information exchange and electric power. It supports a wide range of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external drives, and mobile phones, with different versions offering higher speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied wavelengths and energy levels. This spectrum is fundamental to many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a important role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to quantify the strength of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the spread and movement of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big mass of air's with comparatively uniform temperature and dampness features, deriving from from specific starting regions. These air masses affect climate trends and atmospheric conditions as they pass through various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the energy per square meter received from the solar source in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the collection of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar panels, which diminishes their efficiency. Regular cleaning and servicing are essential to reduce energy decrease and ensure maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power output of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak ability to create electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to check the potential difference between two points in a circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic element necessary for plant development and used in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that render it valuable in manufacturing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic solar panels to produce renewable electricity. It provides an green energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of employing land for both solar power production and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shelter while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of numerous solar panels arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in green energy setups to produce renewable, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that delivers shade and cover from the weather for al fresco areas. It improves the functionality and look of a terrace, making it a comfortable zone for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an observer to a target object. It is commonly used in routing, surveying, and celestial observation to define the bearing of an target in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar panels due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits superb optical properties, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to quantify big electricity production and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, power grids, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, focused on making thin-film solar cells that provide excellent efficiency and economical power generation. The firm is dedicated to green renewable energy advancement and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly linking various elements of industrial and automation systems to boost productivity and reliability. It concentrates on creating innovative solutions that promote smooth communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese firm expert in producing and developing solar-powered solar products and solutions. It is known for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to represent the capacity of large-scale electricity production or usage. It highlights the immense energy scale involved in current power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as cumulative output increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that sustainable energy technologies are economically comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a system of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the nation, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a sustainable, sustainable, and planet-friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and factory environments to generate green, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy goods features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, promoting environmentally friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, providing multi-purpose options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting power output using less space. This method works well where intense, direct sunlight and offers a viable solution to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |